Negative Body Image Essay - 945 Words

Body Image: Refers to the feelings people have about the way their bodies look. These feelings extend to how people believe others see them. Body image is commonly focused on the basic exterior physical appearance of people’s physique, facial features, body shape, hair color/texture, and skin color. People can have a positive body image or a negative one. People who have a negative body image often experience mental and physical health issues, and long-lasting negative self-perception can lead to anxiety, depression, and eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. The media = has a strong impact on body image, and research has shown that the media’s standard of beauty has a detrimental effect on people’s body satisfaction. Positive†¦show more content†¦A number of people with negative body image see flaws in themselves that are not visible to others. People with negative body image feel ashamed of their bodies and often feel uncomfortable and awkward in public places. Although such feelings are commonly felt by everyone, people who constantly feel bad about their appearance are more likely to develop physical and mental health problems. Health Risks of Negative Body Image: In terms of mental health - people with poor self-image are at greater risk of experiencing anxiety and depression. They also suffer from low self-esteem and can have trouble concentrating on other things. People with repeated negative feelings about their bodies are also more likely to isolate themselves from other people. The shame they feel also prevents them from engaging in helpful activities such as exercise and doctor’s visits. Many people also refrain from forming romantic attachments or engaging in sexual activities. Such fragile states of mental health can lead to destructive behaviors. People with body dissatisfaction have a great risk of developing anorexia or bulimia. Anorexic people starve themselves to achieve a lower body weight. Bulimic people eat food and then vomit the food back out of their stomachs to avoid gaining weight. Both conditions can lead to malnutrition and other life-threatening health problems. Some people will also engage in overexercising toShow MoreRelatedNegative Body Image Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesunfit. Being unfit causes a poor body image, health issues, and a lower amount of activity, which can result in obesity. Being fit helps people have a positive body image, health benefits, and higher amounts of activity. Whether youre fit or not, both can greatly affect you. Being fit and unfit differs in many ways such as; body image, health, and the amount of activity each person does. Body image is defined as the subjective picture or mental image of ones own body, which greatly differs amongRead MoreNegative Body Image Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesstop eating so much†, and so on. The girl has never really thought about her body in these ways; she has felt neutral about it until now. She looks down, cautiously grabbing at her stomach in the same way that the other girls are. Later, when she goes on social media, she begins noticing how flawless celebrities are and how perfect their bodies seem in comparison to hers. Her mind begins swirling with thoughts. Body image, eating disorders, and their effects plague America today. Around .03% ofRead More The Media and Negative Body Image Essays2072 Words   |  9 PagesThe Media and Negative Body Image Picture the world controlled by the media. Could you imagine how ugly, scarce, and hateful it would be. What would you do if a magazine or a television show told you that your body weight had to be twenty pounds lighter to be all most perfect? Would you actually consider the fact or let ignore it? Teens, mainly girls, will be sucked into these magazines. (National Eating Disorders Info Centre 15) These could be magazines like Seventeen and Cosmo Girl. In additionRead MoreMedias Effect on Negative Body Image Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesshould have a positive outlook on body image, rather than face a disorder that can change one’s whole life. Negative body image can result from the media, with photoshop and editing, celebrity fad diets, and society’s look at the perfect image. Negative body image can lead to dangerous eating disorders, such as bulimia and anorexia. It can also take a risk to unhealthy habits, such as smoking, alcohol, and drugs. It is important to str ess the effects of body image, because the world still strugglesRead More Understanding the Causes of Negative Body Image Essay518 Words   |  3 Pages Understanding the Causes of Negative Body Image I chose to read the book titled â€Å"Understanding the Causes of Negative Body Image† by Barbara Moe because I plan on focusing my research paper on how the media has strong control over women’s development of self-esteem and body image. The message that the media is sending creates the context within which people learn to value size and shape of their body. Moe’s book focuses on how our culture is preoccupied with weight and appearanceRead MoreEssay Negative Body Image Leads to Eating disorders584 Words   |  3 Pagesabout their bodies.† Eating disorders have the power to affect everyday life. Not only in just teens but all ages. They are able to cause extreme weight changes. As well as, it could affect your health for the rest of your life. (Source 1) By having an eating disorder everything becomes based off of that, if it isn’t helped or stopped it could become serious and damage your health permanently. Information: Someone who has difficulties with any type of eating disorder have negative body imagines. ThereforeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Bluets By Maggie Nelson1516 Words   |  7 Pagesfemales view themselves. Throughout this essay, the readers could not help connecting the scene presented in the text with femininity and the weakness of the female. Despite the fact this lyric essay is beautiful for the readers to appreciate, the image of the female depicted in the essay would lead to the misunderstanding that the female is supposed to be depressed and fragile, which is the main limitation of this essay of the text. In this essay, the female body is described as something too absentRead MoreBlack Women’s Role in Popular Culture: An Analysis of The Venus Hip Hop and the Pink Ghetto1155 Words   |  5 Pagesmovements, it also has the ability to challenge advancements society has made. Imani Perry’s essay, The Venus Hip Hop and the Pink Ghetto, focuses on hip hop and its negative impact on women and body image. In The Venus Hip Hop and the Pink Ghetto, Imani Perry argues that the over-sexualized, unattainable bodies of black women in popular culture will lead to the breakdown of feminism and the positive body image of the everyday black women. As hip hop music continues to become more popular, the sexistRead MoreThe Globalization Of Eating Disorders963 Words   |  4 PagesSoundness in the Globalization of Eating Disorders In her essay, â€Å"The Globalization of Eating Disorders,† Susan Bordo informs her audience of the growing trends in eating disorders. Through her argument, Bordo illustrates the cruel identity of body-image distortion syndrome while she searches for a solution to the eating-disorder problem by looking to its birthplace in culture. Making use of several examples and scenarios, facts and statistics, and appeals to pathos and logos to construct her argumentRead MoreDevelopment of Eating Disorders1218 Words   |  5 PagesMuch to our perceived attention is the idealised image that most aspire to have. In attempting to achieve such a look involves drastic measures for some and possibly fatal. There is ample of evidence to suggest that such measures revolve around an individual’s eating habits thus leading to unhealthy disordered eating patterns. Eating disorders refer to abnormal eating habits characterised by excessive or insufficient intake of food and develop from a n umber of interrelated issues. Much of the research

Marketing Of The Company Levis Marketing Department

The company Levi Strauss is known for making very fine denim products for many decades. They are known for their denim jeans and other clothing range worldwide. They are known for their strong and rugged clothes. But during the 1980s, the company decided to diversify their range even further. They did a market research for men and wanted to start making new range for males first as they have been their biggest market so far. Unfortunately, despite of doing a thorough market research, there were few things that went wrong and their effort did not work out, as their new range of clothing line could not get them the sales they calculated.  Problems The company Levis marketing department exists, but the analysis and planning of the main indicators of the company, monitoring competitors and consumer research, product promotion is not conducted, therefore, the cost of advertising and sales promotion are ad hoc and unsystematic. Like most young companies, all marketing activities directed at the early stages of the sales manager, who concentrated in his hands, almost all marketing functions. This marketing policy was justified due to the high training commercial director, as well as in terms of saving resources and maintain a unified and dynamic style of the company. However, as the company grows, the commercial director of more and more attention was given to issues of general management of the company, and less and less emphasis on financial management, procurement, logistics,Show MoreRelatedLevis Swot Analysis5121 Words   |  21 Pages--- 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2. CURRENT SITUATION Levi Strauss Co. is a privately held American clothing company known worldwide for its Levis brand of denim jeans. The core Levis was founded in 1873 in San Francisco, specializing in riveted denim jeans and different lines of casual and street fashion. Levi Strauss received a U.S. Patent to make the first riveted mens work pants out of denim: the first blue jeans. The company briefly experimented (in the 1970s) with a public stock listingRead MoreMeditech Surgical Case Analysis Essay example1022 Words   |  5 PagesMeditech Surgical Case Analysis Paper Strategic Supply Chain Management Meditech is a leader in the endoscopic surgical instrument market. The company manufactures and market low cost endoscopy surgical equipment to hospitals and independent surgeons. The companys distribution operation is arranged and managed from a central storage warehouse that ships its products to domestic and international affiliates. The organization have been experiencing a good customer service experience in theRead MoreLevis - 4 Ps5809 Words   |  24 Pagestargeting and positioning âž ¢ Marketing mix †¢ -Product †¢ -Price †¢ -Place †¢ -Promotion âž ¢ SWOT analysis âž ¢ Conclusions âž ¢ Recommendations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: INTRODUCTION: Levi Strauss Co. (LSCO.) is one of the worlds largest brand-name apparel marketers with sales in more than 110 countries. There is no other company with a comparable global presenceRead MoreThe Importance Of Using Outside Resources For The Quality Product937 Words   |  4 PagesOur department understands we will need to utilize outside resources to provide the quality product you are looking for. The photographs required in the report will be taken by Lakysha and the writing of the personal testimonials will be done by Levi. He will also be editing all other information provided to us for the report. This will insure consistent and high quality writing throughout. The design, printing and mail distribution jobs will be out sourced with local companies who focus onRead MoreLevis Strauss Canada Holding an Ember: the Gwg Brand1660 Words   |  7 Pagesbrands: Premium brands were sold through dedicated shops with in department stores. Tommy Hilfiger and Diesel were in the process of opening their own line of stores in shopping malls and storefront locations. Specialty retailers: The specialty retailers developed their own brand like Mark’s Work Wearhouse with Denver Hayes and catered special age groups. Distribution Channel: There were six distribution channels for jeans in Canada. Department Stores – The departmental stores like The Bay, Sears, EatonsRead MoreLevis Strauss Co. an Analysis2383 Words   |  10 PagesLevi Strauss Co. An Analysis EEP 142 Group Project Young Lee James Moon Michael Lin Problem †¢The Levi Strauss company is experiencing losses and is continuing to under-perform in the denim jean market. †¢The firm faces the general problem of a dominant firm losing market share when more firms enter the market. Problem Background Successes Competition Solutions Responsibility Conclusion QA Background - History †¢The company was founded by Levi Strauss in 1853 primarily selling wholesaleRead MoreLevis Strauss Canada Holding an Ember: the Gwg Brand1653 Words   |  7 PagesPremium brands were sold through dedicated shops with in department stores. Tommy Hilfiger and Diesel were in the process of opening their own line of stores in shopping malls and storefront locations. Specialty retailers: The specialty retailers developed their own brand like Mark’s Work Wearhouse with Denver Hayes and catered special age groups. Distribution Channel: There were six distribution channels for jeans in Canada. Department Stores – The departmental stores like The Bay, Sears, EatonsRead MorePenney s : The Ullman Era Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pagesit. Making it more nimble. More hip. Not your mom’s department store. Not any more. Now it was the department store of the future. Sephora, Mango and Liz Claiborne,† (Guinto, 2011). Ullman was known for reimaging brands and gave J.C. Penney a seemingly bright future with strong brand partnerships they are still known for such as Sephora and Liz Claiborne. Segmenting into brand boutiques One of Ullman’s grandest ideas was to turn the department store into more of a brand boutique. He brought, â€Å"someRead MoreEssay about Industrial Analysis of Apparel Industry1511 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies3, while in the US, there are about 8,000 companies1. The top 5 companies globally are YMK Trading Limited, V.F. Corporation, Louis Vuitton NA, Polo Ralph Lauren, and Levi Strauss Denmark3. Barriers to entry in the apparel manufacturing industry include the decreasing cost of production due to the moving of companies from industrialized countries to developing countries. It would be very difficult for a new company to begin in an industrialized country and be profitable. | Read MoreMarket Analysis of Jeans Industry in Surat17928 Words   |  72 PagesPROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"Market analysis of jeans industry in surat† In Partial Fulfillment Of The Degree Requirements Towards The Bachelor in Business Administration Submitted By: Ritu Mishra Roll no -28 (Marketing) Sem -6th Submitted To: Mr.Ashish Sukhadiya SURAT 2009-2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report is written in accordance with the Bachelor of Business Administration course prescribed by Veer Narmad South Gujarat University

What Made You Take Interest in a Career in Cosmetology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 341 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Once upon a time, there was a little girl. This little girl enjoyed cutting her Barbie’s’ hair, her baby dolls’ hair, and even occasionally her own hair too. Once everyone’s hair was cut just right, she would find her markers and continue to â€Å"color† their hair. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Made You Take Interest in a Career in Cosmetology?" essay for you Create order After everyone’s hair was perfect she would â€Å"close her shop† Wash the dolls’ hair and be ready for the next day of work. Most girls have at least one moment in their life, when they have cared about their hair, the style, the cut, and the color. For me it hasn’t been just one moment, its been everyday. It’s not just my hair anymore either. Its EVERYONE’S hair. I enjoy styling everyone’s hair. Beauty and perfection fascinate me. I have been coloring my hair, and others hair, for six years. A selected few have also allowed me to cut their hair over the past three years. I have received no complaints. At age 16, I decided that I should look into Cosmetology school. Just after visiting one school, I was one hundred percent sure that cosmetology was the way to go. The ability to cut and Style people’s hair all day everyday†¦ It’s a dream come true! The feeling of having someone put their whole faith in you to cut, color or style their hair, its amazing. I love helping other people. Cosmetologist help people in two ways. They help you with your choice of hair fashion, and they are also there when you just need someone friendly to talk to. I would love the opportunity to be able to put a smile on someone’s face. Both for lending them my services and a friendly ear to listen. So all in all, my interest has always been in cosmetology. My interest will always be a part of me. They always say, â€Å"where there’s a will, there’s a way. † I have the will, I’m just hoping this school can help me find my way.

The Socialization and Medicalization of Gender A...

Gender is one of the most socially ingrained social constructs. The rigid enforcement of gender is harshly controlled by the medicalization and what I will refer to as the construction of the illness of gender transgression. I postulate that there are two forms of gender transgression: a general rejection of gender norms and a rejection of these boundaries in manners that do not fit into the dominant script of gender (i.e. deciding to transition). When someone â€Å"transgresses† the boundaries of gender in this latter way, I postulate, they are inculcated both by society and by the medical community to conform to a normative trajectory of transition. This relationship between a socially constructed identity to a molecularized body – a body†¦show more content†¦A key facet of Butler’s argument is the role that sex plays in the formation of natural or coherent gender and sexual identities. Butler explicitly challenges biological accounts of binary sex, an d in doing so re-imagines the body as culturally constructed by regulative discourse. The production of sex as natural and as a biological fast is a testament to how deeply entrenched in the discourse it is concealed. The body once established as â€Å"natural† and binary sex an unquestioned â€Å"fact,† is the alibi for constructions of gender and sexuality, which can purport to be the just-as-natural expressions or consequences of a more fundamental sex. It is on the foundation of the construction of this natural binary sex that the binaries of gender and heterosexuality are likewise constructed as innate. This narrative â€Å"gives a false sense of legitimacy and universality to a culturally specific and, in some cases, culturally oppressive version of gender identity† (Butler 329). Without a critique of sex as produced by discourse, Butler claims, the distinction of sex and gender used to contest the constructions of binary gender and enforced heterosexualit y would be wholly ineffective. Foucault’s web-like model of power,

Whos Worried About Learning Goals Essay Samples and Why You Need to be Paying Attention

Who's Worried About Learning Goals Essay Samples and Why You Need to be Paying Attention You've got to understand which type of an article you're going to work with, and that means you can develop an appropriate tone and format of your upcoming essay. After the examples of short essays, you'll locate a list of German crucial words and conjugated verbs that I provided for you so you do not need to look this up a dictionary. Writing Your Essay How you structure your essay will count on the requirements of what it is you're applying to. To make it simpler for you to compose a crucial analysis essay, we've got a very helpful analysis writing template that will direct you through the most crucial points. So whenever you're writing an essay, you're harnessing the complete might of culture to your life. There are many small business report writing tips which can also help you learn to compose an outstanding report. As you're researching, you're educating yourself on a particular topic. You might also want to find assistance from professional writing services if you believe your editing skills aren't sufficient to think of a perfect MBA essay. Vital Pieces of Learning Goals Essay Samples Your life will be harder, at the base of the dominance hierarchies that you'll inevitably inhabit, and you will receive old fast. On the flip side, if the aim is too simple, you don't really accomplish anything. Another aim is the decrease of energy consumption. Your long range goals define your mission and what you're attempting to become for the lengthy run. Lastly, you must set certain goals that drive representatives to deliver excellent customer services. Customers leave if they're piss ed off. If you understand, then it is simpler that you write information. The absolute most essential information ought to go first. The 5-Minute Rule for Learning Goals Essay Samples By breaking your tactical plan into discrete steps, you finally have a fairly good likelihood of world domination by the close of the year. Your target is always reasonable work out three times every week, write 500 words every day, outline your organization in the subsequent 90 days and find 1 customer. Every decision that will call for substantial time of your life needs to be justified. Thus, you ought to make a quick collection of resolutions that it is possible to manage in the approaching calendar year. Personal learning activities like spending more time in the library conducting research on some vital facets of my professional field will likewise be considered. Reiterate how you changed as a consequence of your community support, why you found the work important, or the way it helped others. My academic performance is easily the most important facet of my studies, thus more time is going to be dedicated to it alongside the inclusion of different activities like sports. Students have their own studies to fret about and volunteers often have a complete time job. PDP for the subsequent four semesters My existing performance level is average and should be improved by the close of the semester to be certain that I graduate with honors. Make certain your environment is geared towards the work you wish to do. One of the things which I like about data science is that you must be honest to yourself. Therefore, if one of your core values is knowledge, it is going to be much easier to achieve your aim of becoming fluent in Spanish and construct the procedure and habits you have to get there. To make your work easier, we've got a few topics and points you will discover helpful. The majority of people just need the prize. Tell fear to acquire out of your way as you have goals to achieve and a vision to call home. As you work towards your aims, seeing progress is going to keep you motivated to stay the program. Planning is vital because it provides a medium for somebody to set goals and choose how they will need to be achieved. Ideas change the planet, particularly when they're written. Goals are rather much like aspiration, however, they're more definite and result-oriented. The purpose is to attend a minumum of one social event every fourteen days. Your goals determine precisely where you need to go. Therefore, it's helpful to divide a huge goal into smaller goals which are more achievable.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Question: Describe the literature review on the Dimensions and Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)? Answer: Introduction This paper described the literature review on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the relevant information about the organization behavior. This research is able to collect relevant information and data in the perspective of dimension of organization behavior. Indeed, organizational citizenship behavior is the term that compilation of individual behavior in a team setting. In the other words, Organizational citizenship behavior is attached to employee effectiveness, work productivity and other elements that can affect a business in the short term and long term basis. The main objective of OCB is to protect firm against undesirable behaviors that prevent the firms abilities, healthy operations and improve incumbents. (Zellars, Tepper Duffy 2002) Altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness and civic virtue are the various types of organizational citizenship behavior. Indeed, literature review is known as scholarly paper that in cludes the current knowledge such as theoretical and methodological contribution as well as substantive finding to a specific topic. Literature review is a depth evaluation of past research and it is a summary and synopsis of specific field of research, allowing everybody to read the paper that why you are doing this specific research program. (Dawidowicz 2010) This chapter enables to evaluate the significance of brand image of organization employees. Through the support of literature review in depth understanding of the organizational citizenship behavior concept is developed that supports to increase research validity and credibility to fulfill research objective. Historical background concept of OCB Dennis Organ was the father of OCB. Organ elaborated from Katzs original work. OCB has been studies from late 1970s. In the 1988, organization citizenship behavior was first defined by Dennis Organ as individual behavior that is no rewarded by normal reward method. The concept of OCB developed by Dennis Organs into explanations for the clear non-relationship between job performance and job satisfaction. OCB was selected as alternative form of performance; create difference from past performance on the portion of its situational and ability restriction. The upper boundary of task performance is limited by people knowledge, ability and skills while lower boundary of performance is limited by threat of losing job. It means the single performing job doesnt have a great deal of room to differ in performance based on their appeasement. (Borman Motowidlo 2014) Nowadays, OCB is conceptualized as substitutable with the concept of useful performance, defined as performance that helps the social and psychological atmosphere in that task performance takes place. In spite of this, it reflects the complex nature of workers roles in the modern acknowledges and workplace that employees do get rewarded for securing in OCB. OCB covers organizational concerned a ct as working overtime without taking any remuneration. OCB is offering support to a newcomer in the office who is struggling with deadline and change shifts. Finally, OCB must promote the functioning of the firm. In addition, Brief and Motowidlo is closely concerned with concept of organization behavior. This behavior defined as performed by a team of the firm. Directed towards team or firm with who communicate while carrying out self firms role. Performed with the force of promoting the welfare of team or firm toward which it is directed. OBC provides warranty on discussion because of the present versus past viewpoint. The present view focuses on the general citizenship that affect the OCB while past view focuses voluntary behavior gained attention from political science. (Bonaparte 2008) Dimension of OCB In the regard of business, the five behaviors will lead to productivity and effective work. However, psychologists realize dozen of positive organization citizenship behavior. The five major behaviors as determined by Organs are altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness and civic virtue that are described below: Altruism: Altruism means desire to help or otherwise help another individual and not expecting any benefit for help. For example: drives a neighbor to work when their car broken down but it is not expecting any money in compensation. It is raise the productivity and effectiveness because it forces inter-employee relations. It can decrease the stress from organization employees those are overwhelmed without a little bit of support that will move in raise productivity. (Mayfield 2008) Courtesy: Courtesy means behavior that is polite and considerate towards other person. Sportsmanship means no negative behavior when person doesnt go with proper plan. It is about inquiring about personal topic that colleague has brought up. Colleague is facing any trouble with related project. Then, they should reduce their workload or absent from work. (Solan 2008) Courtesy not only promote social communication between employees that improve the work atmosphere, but also they can decrease any potential stress that happen from staff who dont have courtesy to announce their colleague about matter such as absent from work. This dimension helps to improve human behavior through adopt politeness in nature. If staff will be polite and humble then organization conflict will be reduce and organization will grow day to day. Sportsmanship: This dimension evaluates discretionary behavior that shows the willingness of staff to attitude less than ideal condition without extra charges. it is not presenting negative behavior when doesnt go planned. It is linked with sports and game. For example: a staff who submit their proposal to their senior, but they rejected them. Instead the staff shows good sportsmanship through not complaining about the condition to other colleague who reports their behavior to other working for the business. Conscientiousness: This dimensions of discretionary that outside the lower limit function requirement of the firm. Conscientiousness means behavior that advice a reasonable level of discipline that expands beyond the minimum requirement in that condition. (Solan 2008) It provides suggestion to their colleague and subordinates. So, it is helpful in organization success. Civic virtue: This dimension shows the staff participates with full responsibility. Staffs are willing to work with company in any kind of environment that provided by company management. Staff contributes in the companys growth and development so we cant ignore them. This dimension determines the staff value in the organization and how to motivate them. Civic virtue means a behavior that shows how a person represents an organization with they are attached and how person supports their firms outside official potential. It is speaking positively about the business to friends, family and events such as charity. (Mayfield 2008) Antecedents of OCB OCB is good for every firm. It is significant to consider the elements that affect engagement in OCB in the job. The antecedents of OCB have been categorized into three fields such as personality/traits, leadership/group elements and attitudinal. The shape of personality on tendency to present OCB is minimum. (Somech Oplatka 2014) Although, it does not mean that employee will be decreased towards engaging in OCB as compare to others. Rest two kinds of categories are more promising in that attitude concern. Personality: The big five personality traits such as conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness are connected with OCB. If personality will be not good then it will harm the organizational behavior. (Solan 2008) However, personality improves the organization behavior. A trait helps to organizational growth and success. Personality indicates the individual character of the organization related people. Attitude: The traditional evaluations used as valid forecaster of OCB that includes job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, employee engagement and level of trust between staff and their colleague. In the term of umbrella attitude has been coined to cover perceived fairness, leader consideration, job satisfaction and affective commitment. Further, individual disposition, fairness perception, motivational factors and role perception are the job-related constructs that will affect OCB. (Somech Oplatka 2014) Attitude represent the organizational behavior, if attitude will be complicated then it will bad impact on organization culture. Organization culture affects the organization workplace that raises their sales volume and profit margin. However, attitude represents the human behavior that can be positive or negative. Leadership factors: Leadership model can motive OCB in several ways if spread effectively. Leadership plays a significant role in the OCB Antecedents. If leadership will be good in the organization then it will help in the organization growth and development that affect organization behavior. However, leadership is the symbol of organization behavior and success. Leadership model can be different as per organization needs or desires. If leadership factors are appropriate then it would be helpful to organization growth and development. (Solan 2008) Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that organizational citizenship and job satisfaction are multidimensional. A staff may be satisfied with features of job satisfaction and may not be satisfied. An individual can present the organizational citizenship such as altruism and they should avoid sportsmanship. The main purpose is to identify the impacts of features of job satisfaction on each dimension of organization behavior. Finally, it can be concluded that staffs are satisfaction forecast each dimension of OCB. Further, the limitation of this paper is to comprised of a team of organizations. Second limitation is to the low reliabilities for various dimensions such as courtesy that turned out from little number of items. In spite of some limitation, it helps to increase the organization growth and development. References Bonaparte, W, 2008, The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Performance, ProQuest, Michigan. Borman, WC, Motowidlo, SJ, 2014, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance: A Special Issue of Human Performance, Psychology Press, New York. Dalal, RS, 2005, A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior, Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), 1241. Dawidowicz, P, 2010, Literature Reviews Made Easy: A Quick Guide to Success, IAP, New Delhi. Foote, DA, Li-Ping Tang, T, 2008, Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) Does team commitment make a difference in self-directed teams? Management Decision, 46(6), 933-947. Mayfield, CO, 2008, The Effects of Self-concept and Organizational Identification on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, ProQuest, Michigan. Schwab, C, 2012, Literature Review of Horizontal Collaboration in the Maritime Industry: Ports and Terminals: A critical literature review, GRIN Verlag, Munich. Solan, AM, 2008, The Relationships Between Emotional Intelligence, Visionary Leadership, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Continuing Higher Education, ProQuest, Michigan. Somech, A Oplatka, I, 2014, Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools: Examining the impact and opportunities within educational systems, Routledge, New York. Zellars, KL, Tepper, BJ, Duffy, MK, 2002, Abusive supervision and subordinates' organizational citizenship behavior, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1068.

International Journal Safety And Security -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Safety And Security? Ansswer: Introduction Cultural tourism defines the subset of tourism, which is especially concerned with travelers engagement with the culture of a specific country or region. Moreover, in cultural tourism, tourists are mostly engaged with the lifestyle of the people in those specific countries and their people, architecture, art, religion, expression, custom, food and others (Quattrone, 2015). This study has chosen Kakadu National Park in Australia, which is based on the aboriginal cultural values of the country. The study will discuss the tangible and intangible value of Kakadu National Park. The study will also analyze the ownership and stakeholders of the park. Furthermore, the study will discuss the profile of the park through its significance, management structure, cultural heritage management approach, conservation and sustainability approach. Apart from that, the study will also complete a heritage asset audit and provide some recommendations over better sustainable development of the park. Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage Values According to Pratt and Tarlow, (2014), tangible cultural heritage incorporates historic places, buildings, monuments, artifacts, plants, animals and any other things, which the tourists can feel or touch physically. In Kakadu National Park of Australia, people can enjoy wide varieties of tangible cultural heritage value. Moreover, Parksaustralia.gov.au (2017) opined that Kakadu has more than 2000 plant species and wide varieties of most charismatic animal around. The astonishing array of animals is quite enjoyable to the tourists. On the other hand, Liu, (2014) stated that the wonderful coastline of the park is lined with beautiful mangrove forests. It is extremely pleasing to the tourists coming in the park. Furthermore, the woodland and wetland is also highly pleasing to the tourists. Intangible Cultural Heritage Value According to Harvey Lemelin et al., (2013), intangible heritage incorporates the social practices, rituals, festive events, traditional craftsmanship, art, expression of any particular community associated with any site. Kakadu National Park is full of wide variety of intangible cultural heritage value from which tourist can have great pleasure. Moreover, Packer et al., (2014) opined that rock art of Kakadu has enormous international significance. The paintings of the park provide fascinating record of Aboriginal life, which is up to 20,000 years old. On the other hand, Ashwell, (2015) opined that the tourists can also enjoy traditional expression, customs and culture of aboriginal people in Kakadu park. Tourists can also have wide access to the swimming pool, golf course, traditional foods, and library with internet access, restaurants, hotels and many more. Apart from that, Kakadu has recognized six different seasons based on thousands of years of Aboriginal knowledge. Moreover, to urists can enjoy different kinds of weathers in this park, which are extremely pleasing them. Ownership and Stakeholders Ownership of Kakadu National Park Ownership Explanation Department of Sustainability,Environment, Water, Population Looks after the sustainability issues of the park and protect the natural resources and community Communities Aboriginal traditional land owners Own the land and lease the land to the Director of Park Stakeholders of Kakadu National Park Board of Directors Frame policies regarding the park Tourism Consultative Committee Takes care of tourism management Research and Management Advisory Committee Takes care of park issues Park Staff Manages the daily activities of the park Government Park has to adhere to the rules and regulations of Australian Government Tourist The cultural value of the park should be as per the preferences of customers Land Owner The park has to pay the land owner in regular manner Table 1: Ownership and stakeholders of Kakadu National Park (Source: Centre, 2017) Site significance Lew, (2014) pointed out that cultural heritage is extremely important towards improving economic, social and environmental condition a country. Kakadu National Park has also high level of contribution in improving economic, social and environmental condition of Australia. As per Athanasopoulos et al., (2014), perfect blending of tangible and intangible cultural value attracts huge international tourist in Kakadu National Park. The earnings from the foreign tourists actually add to the economic development of Australia. Apart from that, increasing demand of this park has also indirectly increased the demand of hotels, restaurants, transportations and others. In this way, such improvement of other businesses also has developed the economic condition of Australia. On the other hand, KakaduParkhas also improved the social condition of Australia through mixing of different tourists coming from different culture. Furthermore, Kakadu Park is also significant for protecting the natural resou rces, aboriginal culture and wildlife. Management Structure The traditional owner of Kakadu has leased their land to the Director of Kakadu National Park. Moreover, Lawes et al., (2015) opined that the traditional owners and director of Kakadu jointly manage the park. Moreover, they jointly work together towards solving problems, sharing organizational decision, knowledge, skills and information for perfectly managing the park. The Board of Directors frames the policies and procedures towards managing the park. Apart from that, Tourism Consultative Committee of Kakadu takes care of tourism issues in the park. Furthermore, the Research and Management Advisory Committee manages the priorities and issues of the park. Heritage Management Approach Pusey et al., (2016) opined that effective tourism management approach co-ordinates the activities and services, which is extremely important towards impacting on visitors and their enjoyment on destination site. The management body of Kakadu National Park set clear direction for the park through framing effective vision and leadership to manage the members associated with it. The management bodies take collaborative approach towards maintaining collaborative relationship with the land owners, land managers, Government and tourism committee. Furthermore, Asbridge and Lucas, (2016) opined that managers of the park are also highly capable of community liaison and engagement towards preserving the values of the park. The managers also take innovative approach towards effective marketing and promotion of the park. Conservation and sustainability principles Managing vast national park like Kakadu National Park is quite challenging. However, the management body of the park works extremely hard for keeping the park healthy. The park has taken sustainable approach for preventing wildfire. The park staffs of Kakadu Park ensure that the tourists entering into the park put their cigarette butts and matches in the rubbish bin and not on the ground. Apart from that, Lawes et al., (2015) opined that the park also prevents the spread of weeds through checking the vehicles, equipment and trailers for weeds before entering into the park. Furthermore, the management body of the park also does not allow tourist to feed the animal, as it can harm their digestion. Relationship between heritage and tourism management The attraction of cultural heritage of Kakadu National Park attracts huge numbers of tourists both from domestic as well as international countries. Therefore, the value of cultural heritage itself acts as the promotional content for the tourism management of the park. Furthermore, Asbridge and Lucas, (2016) opined that the cultural value of the heritage itself acts as tourism products towards attracting the tourists. It leads to better tourism management. Apart from that, the antique and invaluable collection of the cultural heritage provides high level of satisfaction to the tourists. Therefore, cultural heritage is highly important to better management of tourism. Visitation Number According to Dailytelegraph.com.au, (2017), considering the three years tourist average it can be seen that Kakadu had 27,000 international tourists, which has dropped to half from 2008. However, Ashwell, (2015) argued that the total number of visitors including territory, interstate and international areas was recorded to be 125,000 by the end of 2016, but this is quite less than Uluru Park. The park has been hit by the global financial crisis since 2008 resulting to less visitors each year. Cultural Tourist Type The Kakadu region is having cultural tourists from international and interstate areas. Such types of tourists are mostly interested in visiting the aboriginal communities, experience Aboriginal art, praise and enjoy the craft and cultural displays of aboriginal communities. The Northern Territory of Australia is mostly having several aboriginal groups who still have the interest in art, paintings and creating sculptures on rocks. Therefore, such cultural tourists take interest in visiting such sectors. Australia Industry Trend At present, the Australian Industry trend for conserving and supporting cultural tourism is mostly done by the Parks Australia. It has been found that entry fees have been increased by 60 percent for Kakadu park from the year 2014 (Centre et al., 2017), so that development can be actualized in future. Also, Asbridge and Lucas, (2016) pointed out that communication, transportation and accessibility for Kakadu Park has been developed in the past four years by modifying infrastructure, technology and wildlife conservation along with sustainability approach. Heritage Asset Audit Following table shows the Kakadu Asset: Asset Notes Non-indigenous People Explorers: Establishments of Portuguese, Chinese, Malays, British and Macassans Buffalo hunters: Establishment of buffalo hunting industry Missionaries: Cultural impact on Aboriginal community Flora 1700 plant species Weed free national park Fauna Mammals: 74 mammal species Birds: 280 species of birds Reptiles: 117 species of reptiles Frogs: 25 frog species Fish: 53 freshwater fish species Landforms 6 major Landforms: Arnhem Land plateau, outliers, lowlands, southern hills, floodplains and tidal flats Aboriginal rock art sites Rocky outcrops of Ubirr, Nanguluwur and Burrunguy Table 2: Heritage Asset Audit of Kakadu National Park (Source: Parksaustralia.gov.au 2017) Recommendations The most noticeable shortcoming that has been found for Kakadu national Park is the reduced visitor number. Therefore, the management needs to increase tourist attraction through marketing and promotional initiatives along with infrastructure development. The main focus should be targeted towards international tourists. Also, until now conservation of cultural heritage has been the main concern, however contamination, waste water, global warming, radiation, water releases are the main factors that hampers sustainability. Therefore, infrastructure needs to be developed. It is the opportunity for management that even after price hike, the amount of visitor has not reduced and therefore, part of the revenue can be utilized for developing infrastructure, waste removal, wildlife conservation and reducing overall toxicity. Conclusion While summing, it can be said that the park is culturally rich but still it is losing tourist interest. It has a good set of tangible and intangible heritage value but the management is not able to market the park for international tourists. Therefore, it has been recommended that infrastructure development will definitely help in improvising the cultural features, which will eventually attract more visitors through intense marketing and promotional strategies. Also, the management has the opportunity to allocate part of revenue for the park development in future. References Asbridge, E., Lucas, R. M. (2016). Mangrove Response to Environmental Change in Kakadu National Park.IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,9(12), 5612-5620. Ashwell, J. (2015). Going bush? Factors which influence international tourists' decisions to travel to remote Australian destinations.Tourism Management,46, 80-83. Athanasopoulos, G., Deng, M., Li, G., Song, H. (2014). Modelling substitution between domestic and outbound tourism in Australia: A system-of-equations approach.Tourism Management,45, 159-170. Centre, U. (2017).Kakadu National Park.Whc.unesco.org. 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